Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Length
The length of Phaeophyta can range from a microscopic period to numerous meters. The longest size measured is about 3o meters.Phaeophyta or brown algae are a set of autotrophic, multicellular organisms, belonging to the class Phaeophyceae in the division Chromophyta. They contain the xanthophyll pigment - fucoxanthin, in addition to chlorophyll a and c. Hence, the members of phaeophyta show off a function greenish-brown shade. The brown coloured pigment could be very critical for the version of phaeophyta in deep seas and oceans. Phaeophyta are usually adapted to marine environment, only some phaeophyta are freshwater species. In truth, majority of phaeophyta are major in the temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere, whereas a few species are found in heat tropical waters. As of now, about 1500-2000 species of brown algae are identified during the arena.
Phaeophyta Classification
Domain Eukaryota (Presence of membrane-certain cellular organelles.)
Kingdom Protista - Simple organisms, typically microscopic, seaweed are exceptions.
Phylum Heterokontophyta - Algae with chlorophyll a and c.
Class Phaeophyceae - Brown algae having pigment fucoxanthin.
Order Fucales, Laminarales, Dictyotales, Ectocarpales
Family Fucaceae
Genus Fucus
Species distichus, serratus, spiralis, vesiculosus
Phaeophyta Characteristics
► Phaeophyta are the most complex varieties of algae. The cellular walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid (a complex polysaccharide).
► Unlike inexperienced algae or Chlorophyta, they lack real starch.
► The food reserves contain sugar, higher alcohol and other complex varieties of polysaccharides.
► The individuals of phaeophyta belonging to Laminarales are known as kelps.
► Kelps are the only algae with a good sized internal tissue differentiation.
► Though genuine conductive tissues like xylem and phloem are absent, kelps show some type of conductive tissues.
► Similar to other evolved algal species, replica of this algae takes vicinity via each sexual and asexual approach.
► Higher phaeophyta have life cycle such as both haploid and diploid tiers, known as an alternation of technology. The thallus representing haploid stage and diploid degree can be comparable (isomorphic) or special (heteromorphic).
Phaeophyta Quick Facts
Phaeophyta developed approximately 150-200 million years in the past.
They are either microscopic or macroscopic.
Life cycle of phaeophyta differs from one member to another.
In higher members of phaeophyta, existence cycle consists of alternation of haploid level and diploid level.
They can adapt to a extensive marine environment; tidal, intertidal and deep zones.
Some participants of phaeophyta have adaptive bladders, supposed for floating photosynthetic elements on or near the water surface for harvesting mild.
Largest phaeophyta bureaucracy, for instance, a massive kelp can attain to about 70 meters in duration.
They regularly motive nuisance to aquarium environment through growing brown patches on any exposed surfaces including glass, rocks or gravel.
Phaeophyta Uses
► Commercially exploited phaeophyta consist of those belong to the orders, Laminarales and Fucales.
► Previously, marine seaweeds of phaeophyta have been used for the extraction of iodine and potash.
► In latest instances, phaeophyta are extensively exploited for the extraction of alginic acid, that is used for deriving alginate, a chief colloidal gel used as a stabilizer, emulsifier or binder in lots of industrial applications.
► Apart from alginic acid, agar, carrageenans also are derived from phaeophyta.
► Commercially, alginate is utilized in cloth printing, baking, toothpastes, soaps, ice creams, meat preservation, and so on.
► Another use of phaeophyta is in the manufacturing of agricultural or horticultural sprays.
► In addition, phaeophyta is used as a meals source. The brown algae, laminaria is cultivated on guy-made algal ponds (the usage of ropes) for the manufacturing of meals supplements and alginates.
► Harvested phaeophyta are then processed to put together seaweed food. These notably proteinaceous seaweed food are exported to numerous nations, especially to clear up the trouble of malnutrition.
Brown algae have proven to be one of the most adaptable species, and are also one of the predominant contributing elements in the renovation of a balanced atmosphere.
Length
The length of Phaeophyta can range from a microscopic period to numerous meters. The longest size measured is about 3o meters.Phaeophyta or brown algae are a set of autotrophic, multicellular organisms, belonging to the class Phaeophyceae in the division Chromophyta. They contain the xanthophyll pigment - fucoxanthin, in addition to chlorophyll a and c. Hence, the members of phaeophyta show off a function greenish-brown shade. The brown coloured pigment could be very critical for the version of phaeophyta in deep seas and oceans. Phaeophyta are usually adapted to marine environment, only some phaeophyta are freshwater species. In truth, majority of phaeophyta are major in the temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere, whereas a few species are found in heat tropical waters. As of now, about 1500-2000 species of brown algae are identified during the arena.
Phaeophyta Classification
Domain Eukaryota (Presence of membrane-certain cellular organelles.)
Kingdom Protista - Simple organisms, typically microscopic, seaweed are exceptions.
Phylum Heterokontophyta - Algae with chlorophyll a and c.
Class Phaeophyceae - Brown algae having pigment fucoxanthin.
Order Fucales, Laminarales, Dictyotales, Ectocarpales
Family Fucaceae
Genus Fucus
Species distichus, serratus, spiralis, vesiculosus
Phaeophyta Characteristics
► Phaeophyta are the most complex varieties of algae. The cellular walls are composed of cellulose and alginic acid (a complex polysaccharide).
► Unlike inexperienced algae or Chlorophyta, they lack real starch.
► The food reserves contain sugar, higher alcohol and other complex varieties of polysaccharides.
► The individuals of phaeophyta belonging to Laminarales are known as kelps.
► Kelps are the only algae with a good sized internal tissue differentiation.
► Though genuine conductive tissues like xylem and phloem are absent, kelps show some type of conductive tissues.
► Similar to other evolved algal species, replica of this algae takes vicinity via each sexual and asexual approach.
► Higher phaeophyta have life cycle such as both haploid and diploid tiers, known as an alternation of technology. The thallus representing haploid stage and diploid degree can be comparable (isomorphic) or special (heteromorphic).
Phaeophyta Quick Facts
Phaeophyta developed approximately 150-200 million years in the past.
They are either microscopic or macroscopic.
Life cycle of phaeophyta differs from one member to another.
In higher members of phaeophyta, existence cycle consists of alternation of haploid level and diploid level.
They can adapt to a extensive marine environment; tidal, intertidal and deep zones.
Some participants of phaeophyta have adaptive bladders, supposed for floating photosynthetic elements on or near the water surface for harvesting mild.
Largest phaeophyta bureaucracy, for instance, a massive kelp can attain to about 70 meters in duration.
They regularly motive nuisance to aquarium environment through growing brown patches on any exposed surfaces including glass, rocks or gravel.
Phaeophyta Uses
► Commercially exploited phaeophyta consist of those belong to the orders, Laminarales and Fucales.
► Previously, marine seaweeds of phaeophyta have been used for the extraction of iodine and potash.
► In latest instances, phaeophyta are extensively exploited for the extraction of alginic acid, that is used for deriving alginate, a chief colloidal gel used as a stabilizer, emulsifier or binder in lots of industrial applications.
► Apart from alginic acid, agar, carrageenans also are derived from phaeophyta.
► Commercially, alginate is utilized in cloth printing, baking, toothpastes, soaps, ice creams, meat preservation, and so on.
► Another use of phaeophyta is in the manufacturing of agricultural or horticultural sprays.
► In addition, phaeophyta is used as a meals source. The brown algae, laminaria is cultivated on guy-made algal ponds (the usage of ropes) for the manufacturing of meals supplements and alginates.
► Harvested phaeophyta are then processed to put together seaweed food. These notably proteinaceous seaweed food are exported to numerous nations, especially to clear up the trouble of malnutrition.
Brown algae have proven to be one of the most adaptable species, and are also one of the predominant contributing elements in the renovation of a balanced atmosphere.
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